منابع مشابه
Market incentives and pharmaceutical innovation.
I study the impact of the Orphan Drug Act (ODA), which established tax incentives for rare disease drug development. I examine the flow of new clinical drug trials for a large set of rare diseases. Among more prevalent rare diseases, the ODA led to a significant and sustained increase in new trials. The impact for less prevalent rare diseases was limited to an increase in the stock of drugs. Ta...
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Is innovation primarily determined by scientific constraints and motivated by past scientific discoveries? Or does innovation respond to profit incentives? In this paper, we develop a simple model linking innovation to potential market size, and show that under a variety of circumstances, a greater market size for a particular product, which implies greater profitability from sales, spurs faste...
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The number of new drugs emerging in the U.S. pharmaceutical market is at a low point. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved an average of 22.6 new drugs and biologics per year from 2005 through 2009, down from 37.2 a decade earlier (1995 through 1999). Paradoxically, this decrease in production has occurred despite billions of dollars in public and private funding for research and dev...
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Based on a random sample of 500 South Yorkshire non-hi-tech manufacturing small, medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) the quantitative findings support the hypothesis that size, strategic, and market orientation associate with innovation. The results show that prospectors are medium-sized companies and small companies, defenders. Prospectors are more innovative and market-oriented than defenders. Th...
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Abstract By reviewing economic performance, two main phenomena could be identified: The first phenomenon is prior to the third wave of the Industrial Revolution in which limited resources are the predominant input; in other words, physical and natural resources are much more credited than human resources. The second phenomenon resonates with the third wave of industrial revolution to the presen...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: The RAND Journal of Economics
سال: 2015
ISSN: 0741-6261,1756-2171
DOI: 10.1111/1756-2171.12113